CSLH with a value of 1.05 could address this issue.

@pjayThanks for this response. For the FEM-SPH model without mat add erosion, I have finished particle spacing sensitivity analysis. Then, I used the ...

@pjayI made it, but I have some not understand about the AREA terms in *DEFINE_SPH_INJECTION card. I don't know what the correlation between AREA and ...

@negativevolume Actually, if all the boundaries are constrained, there is no oscillation. But for the model with a free surface, the oscillation is ve...

@negativevolume Yes.

The issue is addressed by running the model in one Keyword file (early phase for preload and then transient analysis).

@negativevolume I checked that but there is no much difference. Also the convergence is checked, I am sure each model has reached convergence.  ...

@negativevolume Not very substantial. But it indeed has a negative effect on the numerical result. There is no contact defined. A simple model with pr...

@negativevolume LS-PREPOST

@negativevolume This an excellent idea. Just as you described, in reality, the disc is driven by a roller. The rod-like rigid body is similar to the r...